Gyratory crusher has the advantages of uniform crushing particles, high crushing efficiency, and large crushing ratio and so on. It is widely used in building materials manufacturing, metallurgy industry and chemical industry. In actual production, the ore particle sizes are different, and the load non-uniformity is more prominent.
The gyratory crusher often has a short service cycle due to the premature failure of the eccentric sleeve, which not only increases the maintenance times of the equipment, but also increases the maintenance cost and affects the output capacity of the production line.
In the following part, we focus on the causes and preventive measures of premature failure of the eccentric sleeve of gyratory crusher.
The eccentric sleeve, the moving cone and the conical sleeve are the internal rotating parts of the gyratory crusher. The eccentric sleeve is the core component of the gyratory crusher to realize its function. Its outer cylindrical surface is concentric with the base of the gyratory crusher, and the center of the inner cylindrical surface has a certain eccentricity relative to the center of the outer cylindrical surface. During assembly, the eccentric sleeve is installed in the shaft sleeve of the machine base, and the lower main shaft of the moving cone is matched with the inner surface of the eccentric sleeve.
In the operation process of gyratory crusher, in order to ensure good running-in between the eccentric sleeve and the base shaft sleeve and the mating surface of the lower main shaft of the moving cone and reduce the thermal expansion coefficient, a layer of Babbitt alloy is usually cast on the outer cylindrical surface and inner surface of the eccentric sleeve. After the gyratory crusher runs for a period of time, the eccentric sleeve fails due to the fall off of the Babbitt metal on the surface.
There are three kinds of fits related to the eccentric sleeve, namely, the fit between the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric sleeve and the base shaft sleeve, the fit between the inner surface of the eccentric sleeve and the lower main shaft of the moving cone, and the fit between the upper main shaft of the moving cone and the inner surface of the copper sleeve of the conical sleeve. The fit condition has an important influence on the service life of the eccentric sleeve.
(1) The fit between the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric sleeve and the base shaft sleeve
Clearance fit is adopted between the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric sleeve and the base shaft sleeve. Generally, the tolerance zone of the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric sleeve is D4. If the fit is too tight, the eccentric sleeve is easy to be tightened during the operation of the gyratory crusher. On the contrary, if the fit is too loose, it is easy to produce impact load during the operation of the gyratory crusher.
(2) The fit between the inner surface of the eccentric sleeve and the lower main shaft of the moving cone
In order to make the gyratory crusher operate normally, clearance fit is adopted between the inner surface of the eccentric sleeve and the lower main shaft of the moving cone. Usually, the tolerance zone of the inner cylindrical surface of the eccentric sleeve adopts D4. If this fit is too tight, the gyratory crusher cannot operate properly. On the contrary, if the fit is too loose, it is also easy to generate impact load during the operation of the gyratory crusher.
(3) The fit between the upper main shaft of the moving cone and the inner surface of the copper sleeve of the conical sleeve
The inner surface of the conical sleeve copper sleeve is cylindrical, which is matched with the main shaft on the moving cone. The outer surface of the conical sleeve is conical, which is matched with the steel sleeve of the beam part. In the operation of gyratory crusher, when the lower main shaft of the moving cone deviates in a certain direction, the upper main shaft of the moving cone pushes the conical sleeve to deviate in the opposite direction to the offset direction of the lower shaft end of the moving cone in the steel sleeve of the upper frame body. If the fit between the main shaft on the moving cone and the inner surface of the copper sleeve of the tapered sleeve is too loose, the eccentric sleeve will generate additional load.
The eccentric sleeve is installed on the machine base, the upper shaft end of the moving cone is installed on the upper frame body, and the machine base, the lower frame body and the upper frame body is connected together by pins. If the gap between the machine base and the lower frame body and the gap between the lower frame body and the upper frame body are not uniform, the deviation of the conical sleeve in operation will be inconsistent, and the eccentric sleeve will generate additional load.
In actual production, due to the failure of the seal, dust enters the oil pool from the bottom of the moving cone, causing the lubricating oil to be polluted. The impurities flow to the eccentric sleeve with the oil, causing wear to the eccentric sleeve.
The casting quality of the Babbitt alloy of the eccentric sleeve has a certain influence on the service life of the eccentric sleeve. In order to prevent the Babbitt alloy from falling off abnormally, "dovetail grooves" and "holes" (as shown in the figure) are usually designed on the eccentric sleeve, so that the inner and outer parts of the eccentric sleeve and the Babbitt alloy inside the eccentric sleeve are integrated. During the casting process, if the bus alloy cannot be integrated, the bonding force of the Babbitt alloy will be weakened, causing the bus alloy to fall off when subjected to excessive impact load.
The short service life of the eccentric sleeve is mainly due to:
(1) The inappropriate cooperation between the eccentric sleeve, the conical sleeve and the lower shaft end and the upper shaft end of the moving cone results in a large impact load and additional load on the eccentric sleeve during the operation of gyratory crusher.
(2) The installation gap between the machine base and the lower frame body, the lower frame body and the upper frame body is not uniform, resulting in inconsistent offset of the tapered sleeve, which causes additional load on the eccentric sleeve.
(3) There are many impurities in the lubricating oil, which causes wear on the eccentric sleeve.
(4) The casting quality of the Babbitt alloy on the eccentric sleeve does not meet the requirements.
In view of the above reasons for the short service life of the eccentric sleeve of the gyratory crusher, the following preventive measures should be taken:
(1) During the maintenance of the gyratory crusher, the eccentric sleeve and the copper sleeve of the conical sleeve should be measured strictly according to the size tolerance of the drawing to ensure that the corresponding coordination meets the requirements of the drawing.
(2) When installing the upper frame body and the lower frame body, under the condition that the pin wedge iron can be installed, add gaskets between the upper frame body and the lower frame body to ensure that the gap between the frame bodies is uniform.
(3) During maintenance, the sealing ring of the middle ring of the moving cone and the dust cover should be checked to ensure that the sealing ring is in good condition. And replace the contaminated lubricating oil in time.
(4) Strengthen the supervision of the casting process of the eccentric sleeve Babbitt alloy to ensure its casting quality.
With the integration of mines, large-scale and high-efficiency equipment has become a trend, and large-capacity gyratory crusher is increasingly applied to mine production. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the reasons for the premature failure of the eccentric sleeve of the gyratory crusher and formulate practical measures. The operator should pay attention to observe the practical situation of the eccentric sleeve of gyratory crusher, summarize the reasons for the failure of the eccentric sleeve, and improve the repair process and installation requirements of the eccentric sleeve, so as to effectively prolong the service life of the eccentric sleeve, thereby reducing the production cost.
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